The p-block elements are found in groups 13 to 18 of the periodic table. These elements have their valence electrons in the p-orbital. P-block elements include a diverse group of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, and they are essential to various chemical processes. Here’s a breakdown of the p-block elements:
Group 13: Boron Group
The elements in Group 13 have three valence electrons and are typically metals, except for boron, which is a metalloid.
- Boron (B)
- Aluminum (Al)
- Gallium (Ga)
- Indium (In)
- Thallium (Tl)
Group 14: Carbon Group
Group 14 elements have four valence electrons. This group contains a mixture of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
- Carbon (C)
- Silicon (Si)
- Germanium (Ge)
- Tin (Sn)
- Lead (Pb)
Group 15: Nitrogen Group
The elements in Group 15 have five valence electrons. This group includes both nonmetals and metals.
- Nitrogen (N)
- Phosphorus (P)
- Arsenic (As)
- Antimony (Sb)
- Bismuth (Bi)
Group 16: Oxygen Group (Chalcogens)
The chalcogens are in Group 16 and have six valence electrons. They include highly reactive nonmetals.
- Oxygen (O)
- Sulfur (S)
- Selenium (Se)
- Tellurium (Te)
- Polonium (Po)
Group 17: Halogens
The halogens are in Group 17 and have seven valence electrons. These elements are highly reactive and often form salts when combined with metals.
- Fluorine (F)
- Chlorine (Cl)
- Bromine (Br)
- Iodine (I)
- Astatine (At)
Group 18: Noble Gases
The noble gases in Group 18 have eight valence electrons (except for helium, which has two). They are inert gases that rarely form compounds.
- Helium (He)
- Neon (Ne)
- Argon (Ar)
- Krypton (Kr)
- Xenon (Xe)
- Radon (Rn)
